Table of Contents
- Cover Page
- Foreword
- Abbreviations
- Synopsis
- Preliminary title Of the general definitions of rights and the promulgation of the laws
- Book I Of persons
- Title I Of the distinction of persons, and the privation of certain civil rights in certain cases
- Title II Of domicil and the manner of changing the same
- Title III Of absent persons
- Chapter I Of the curatorship of absent persons
- Chapter II Of the putting into provisional possession the heirs of the absentee
- Chapter III Of the effects of absence upon the eventual rights which may belong to the absentee
- Chapter IV Of the effects of absence respecting marriage
- Chapter V Of the care of minor children whose father has disappeared
- Title IV Of husband and wife
- Title V Of the separation from bed and board
- Chapter I Of the causes of separation from bed and board
- Chapter II Of the proceedings on separation from bed and board
- Chapter III Of the provisional proceedings to which a suit for separation may give occasion
- Chapter IV Of objections to the action of separation from bed and board
- Chapter V Of the effects of separation from bed and board
- Title VI Of master and servant
- Title VII Of father and child
- Title VIII Of minors, of their tutorship, curatorship and emancipation
- Chapter I Of tutorship
- Section I General dispositions
- Section II Of tutorship by nature
- Section III Of tutorship by will
- Section IV Of the tutorship by the effect of the law
- Section V Of dative tutorship
- Section VI Of the under tutor
- Section VII Of the causes which dispense or excuse from the tutorship
- Section VIII Of incapacity for, exclusion from and deprivation of the tutorship
- Section IX Of the administration of the tutor
- Chapter II Of the curatorship of minors
- Chapter III Of emancipation
- Chapter I Of tutorship
- Title IX Of persons insane, idiots, and other persons incapable of administering their estate
- Title X Of communities or corporations
- Book II Of things and of the different modifications of property
- Title I Of things or estates
- Title II Of absolute ownership
- Title III Of usufruct, use and habitation
- Title IV Of predial services or services of land
- Book III Of the different manners of acquiring the property of things
- Preliminary title General dispositions
- Title I Of successions
- Chapter I Of the different sorts of successions and heirs
- Chapter II Of legal successions
- Chapter III Of irregular successions
- Chapter IV In what manner successions are opened
- Chapter V Of the incapacity and unworthiness of the heirs
- Chapter VI In what manner a succession is accepted and how it is renounced
- Chapter VII Of the administration of vacant estates and estates ab intestato
- Chapter VIII Of partition among heirs and of the collation of goods
- Title II Of donations inter vivos (between living persons) and mortis causa (in prospect of death)
- Chapter I General dispositions
- Chapter II Of the capacity necessary for disposing of and receiving by donation inter vivos or mortis causa
- Chapter III Of the portion disposable, and of its reduction in case of excess
- Chapter IV Of dispositions reprobated by the law in donations inter vivos and mortis causa
- Chapter V Of donations inter vivos (between living)
- Chapter VI Of dispositions mortis causa (in the prospect of death)
- Section I Of testament or codicil
- Section II Of the form of testaments and codicils
- Section III Of testamentary dispositions
- Section IV Of the institution of heir and of disinherison
- Section V Of legacies
- Section VI Of the opening and the proof of wills, and of testamentary executions
- Section VII Of the revocation of testaments and codicils and of their caducity
- Section VIII Of the interpretation of testamentary dispositions
- Chapter VII Of partitions made by parents among their descendants
- Chapter VIII Of donations made by marriage contract to the husband or wife, and to the children to be born of the marriage
- Chapter IX Of donations between married persons, either by marriage contract, or during the marriage
- Title III Of contracts and of conventional obligations in general
- Chapter I Preliminary dispositions
- Chapter II Of the conditions essential to the validity of agreements
- Chapter III Of the effect of obligations
- Section I General dispositions
- Section II Of the obligation of giving
- Section III Of the obligations of doing or of not doing
- Section IV Of the damages resulting from the non execution of the obligation
- Section V Of the interpretation of the agreements
- Section VI Of the effect of agreements with regard to persons not parties to them
- Chapter IV Of the different kinds of obligations
- Chapter V Of the extinction of obligations
- Chapter VI Of the proof of obligations and of that of payment
- Title IV Of engagements formed without agreements, or of quasi contracts and quasi offences
- Title V Of marriage contract
- Title VI Of sale
- Chapter I Of the nature and form of the contract of sale, and of the manner in which it is to be performed
- Chapter II Of persons capable of buying and selling, and of things which may be sold
- Chapter III Of the obligations of the seller
- Chapter IV Of the obligations of the buyer
- Chapter V Of the nullity and rescissions of the sale
- Chapter VI Of sales by cant or auction
- Chapter VII Of the assignment or transfer of debts and other incorporeal rights
- Title VII Of exchange
- Title VIII Of letting and hiring
- Title IX Of partnership
- Title X Of loan
- Title XI Of deposit and sequestration
- Title XII Of aleatory contracts
- Title XIII Of mandate or commission
- Chapter I Of the nature of proxies, mandates and commissions
- Chapter II What persons may be appointed attornies in fact
- Chapter III Of the obligations of a person acting under a power of attorney
- Chapter IV Of the obligations of the principal who acts by his attorney in fact
- Chapter V How the procuration expires
- Title XIV Of suretyship
- Title XV Of transactions
- Title XVI Of respite
- Title XVII Of compromises or arbitration
- Title XVIII Of pledge
- Title XIX Of privileges and mortgages
- Title XX Of occupancy, possession and prescription
- Title XXI Of the title by judgment or seizure
- Index
- Manuscript index
- Manuscript index Part 2
TITLE XV – OF TRANSACTIONS
Art. 1. A transaction is an agreement between two or more persons who for preventing or putting an end to a law suit, adjust their differences, by mutual consent, in the manner which they agree on and which every one of them prefers to the hope of gaining, balanced by the danger of losing.
This contract must be reduced into writing.
Art. 2. A man, to transact, must have the capacity to dispose of the things included in the transaction.
The tutor or curator of a minor or of a person interdicted or absent, cannot make a transaction without being authorised thereto by the judge.
Art. 3. Transactions regulate only the differences which appear clearly to be comprehended in them, by the intention of the parties, whether it be explained in a general or particular expression: unless it be the necessary consequence of what is expressed: and they do not extend to differences which the parties never intended to include in them.
The renunciation which is made therein to all rights, claims and pretensions, does extend only to what relates to the differences from which said transaction arises.
Art. 4. If he who had a difference with several persons, transacts with one of them for what concerns him in particular, the transaction does not destroy his rights against the others, and he may either sue them at law, or transact with them in another manner.
Art. 5. If he who has a difference transacts it with one whom he believes to be his adverse party, but who is not so, the said transaction will have no effect.
Art. 6. If he who has transacted concerning a right which he had in his own person, acquires afterwards a like right which belonged to another, the transaction cannot be prejudicial to his new right.
Art. 7. One may add to a transaction, the stipulation of a penalty against the party who fails to perform it, and in this case the non performance of what has been agreed on, gives a right to exact the penalty according to the tenor of the agreement and pursuant to the rules recited in the title of contracts and conventional obligations in general.
Art. 8. The creditor who transacs with the surety of his debtor, may discharge the surety only and the transaction will not diminish his right against the debtor. But if it is with the debtor himself that he has transacted, the surety will likewise have the benefit of the transaction because his obligation is only an accessory to that of the principal debtor.
Art. 9. A transaction made by one of the interested parties, is not binding for the others and cannot be opposed by them.
Art. 10. Transactions have between the interested parties, a force equal to the authority of things adjudged, because they stand in the place of a judgement which is so much the stronger because all the parties have consented to it and because the engagement which delivers the parties from the inconvenience of a law suit, is altogether favorable. They cannot be attacked on account of any error in law or any lesion. But an error in calculation in a transaction may always afterwards be corrected.
Art. 11. A transaction may be rescinded notwithstanding, whenever it exists, an error in the person or on the matter in dispute. It may likewise be rescinded in the cases where there exists fraud or violence.
Art. 12. A transaction may be also rescinded when it has been made in execution of an illegal act, unless the parties have expressly transacted on the said nullity.
Art. 13. If a transaction has been grounded on forged writings which passed for true ones and the forgery be discovered afterwards, he who complains of it, may procure the transaction to be annulled in all that has been regulated on that foundation.
Art. 14. If after judgement has been given in a law suit, without the knowledge of the parties, they agree it by a transaction, the transaction will subsist if there lies an appeal from the sentence, for since the law suit may still be continued, the event remains uncertain, but if there lies no appeal from the sentence, the transaction would be null.
Art. 15. When the parties have transacted generally on all the differences which they might have had with one another, the titles which they then knew nothing of and which were afterwards discovered are not a cause of rescinding the transaction, unless they have been kept concealed on purpose by the deed of one of the parties.
But the transaction becomes void, if it relates only to an object on which it is proved by the titles newly discovered, that one of the parties has no right at all.
TITRE XV - DES TRANSACTIONS
Art. 1. La transaction, est une convention entre deux ou plusieurs personnes qui, pour prévenir ou terminer un procès, règlent leurs différends de gré à gré, de la manière dont elles conviennent, et que chacune d'elles préfère à l'espérance de gagner, jointe au péril de perdre.
Ce contrat doit être rédigé par écrit.
Art. 2. Pour transiger, il faut avoir la capacité de disposer des objets compris dans la transaction.
Le tuteur ou curateur du mineur, de l'interdit, ou de l'absent, ne peut transiger sans autorité de justice.
Art. 3. Les transactions ne règlent, que les différens qui s'y trouvent nettement compris par l'intention des parties, soit qu'elle se trouve expliquée par une expression générale ou particulière, ou qu'elle soit une suite nécessaire de ce qui y est exprimé; et elle ne s'étend pas aux différens auxquels en n'a point pensé.
La renonciation qui y est faite à tous droits, actions et prétentions, ne s'entend, que de ce qui est relatif au différent qui y a donné lieu.
Art. 4. Si celui qui avait un différent avec plusieurs autres, transige avec l'un d'aux, pour ce qui le regarde, la transaction n'empêchera pas que son droit ne subsiste à l'égard des autres, et qu'il ne puisse, ou le faire juger, ou en transiger d'une autre manière.
Art. 5. Si la personne qui a un différent, en transige avec celui qu'il croit être la partie, et qui ne l'est pas, cette transaction sera inutile.
Art. 6. Si celui qui avait transigé d'un droit qu'il avait de son chef, acquiert ensuite un pareil droit du chef d'une autre personne, la transaction ne fera pas de préjudice à ce second droit.
Art. 7. On peut ajouter à une transaction, la stipulation d'une peine contre celui qui manquera de l'exécuter; en ce cas, l'inexécution de ce qui est réglé, donne le droit d'exiger la peine, conformément à ce qui a été convenu, et aux règles prescrites au titre des contrats, et des obligations conventionnelles en général.
Art. 8. Le créancier, qui transige avec la caution de son débiteur, peut ne décharger que la caution, et la transaction ne lui fera pas de préjudice à l'égard de ce débiteur, mais si c'est avec le débiteur même qu'il ait transigé, la transaction sera commune à la caution, parce que son obligation n'est qu'un accessoire de celle du principal débiteur.
Art. 9. La transaction faite par l'un des intéressés, ne lie point les autres intéressés, et ne peut être opposé par eux.
Art. 10. Les transactions ont, entre les parties, une force pareille à l'autorité des choses jugées en dernier ressort, parce qu'elles tiennent lieu d'un jugement, d'autant plus ferme, que les parties y ont consenti, et que l'engagement qui délivre d'un procès, est toujours favorable.
Elles ne peuvent être attaquées pour cause d'erreur de droit, ni pour cause de lésion.
Mais l'erreur de calcul, dans une transaction, doit être réparée.
Art. 11. Néanmoins, une transaction peut être rescindée, lorsqu'il y a erreur dans la personne, ou sur l'objet de la contestation.
Elle peut l'être, dans tous les cas où il y a dol ou violence.
Art. 12. Il y a également lieu à l'action en rescision contre une transaction, lorsqu'elle a été faite en exécution d'un titre nul, à moins que les parties n'ayent expressément traité sur la nullité.
Art. 13. La transaction faite sur pièces qui, depuis ont été reconnues fausses, est entièrement nulle.
Art. 14. Si, après un procès jugé à l'insu des parties, elles en transigent, la transaction subsistera, si on pouvait appeler de ce jugement, car, le procès pouvant encore durer, l'événement était incertain, mais s'il n'y avait point de voie d'appel, la transaction sera nulle.
Art. 15. Lorsque les parties ont transigé généralement sur toutes les affaires qu'elles pouvaient avoir ensemble, les titres qui leur étaient alors inconnus, et qui auraient été postérieurement découverts, ne sont point une cause de rescision, à moins qu'ils n'ayent été retenus par le fait de l'une des parties.
Mais la transaction serait nulle, si elle n'avait qu'un objet sur lequel il serait constaté, par des titres nouvellement découverts, que l'une des parties n'avait aucun droit.
