Table of Contents
- Cover Page
- Foreword
- Abbreviations
- Synopsis
- Preliminary title Of the general definitions of rights and the promulgation of the laws
- Book I Of persons
- Title I Of the distinction of persons, and the privation of certain civil rights in certain cases
- Title II Of domicil and the manner of changing the same
- Title III Of absent persons
- Chapter I Of the curatorship of absent persons
- Chapter II Of the putting into provisional possession the heirs of the absentee
- Chapter III Of the effects of absence upon the eventual rights which may belong to the absentee
- Chapter IV Of the effects of absence respecting marriage
- Chapter V Of the care of minor children whose father has disappeared
- Title IV Of husband and wife
- Title V Of the separation from bed and board
- Chapter I Of the causes of separation from bed and board
- Chapter II Of the proceedings on separation from bed and board
- Chapter III Of the provisional proceedings to which a suit for separation may give occasion
- Chapter IV Of objections to the action of separation from bed and board
- Chapter V Of the effects of separation from bed and board
- Title VI Of master and servant
- Title VII Of father and child
- Title VIII Of minors, of their tutorship, curatorship and emancipation
- Chapter I Of tutorship
- Section I General dispositions
- Section II Of tutorship by nature
- Section III Of tutorship by will
- Section IV Of the tutorship by the effect of the law
- Section V Of dative tutorship
- Section VI Of the under tutor
- Section VII Of the causes which dispense or excuse from the tutorship
- Section VIII Of incapacity for, exclusion from and deprivation of the tutorship
- Section IX Of the administration of the tutor
- Chapter II Of the curatorship of minors
- Chapter III Of emancipation
- Chapter I Of tutorship
- Title IX Of persons insane, idiots, and other persons incapable of administering their estate
- Title X Of communities or corporations
- Book II Of things and of the different modifications of property
- Title I Of things or estates
- Title II Of absolute ownership
- Title III Of usufruct, use and habitation
- Title IV Of predial services or services of land
- Book III Of the different manners of acquiring the property of things
- Preliminary title General dispositions
- Title I Of successions
- Chapter I Of the different sorts of successions and heirs
- Chapter II Of legal successions
- Chapter III Of irregular successions
- Chapter IV In what manner successions are opened
- Chapter V Of the incapacity and unworthiness of the heirs
- Chapter VI In what manner a succession is accepted and how it is renounced
- Chapter VII Of the administration of vacant estates and estates ab intestato
- Chapter VIII Of partition among heirs and of the collation of goods
- Title II Of donations inter vivos (between living persons) and mortis causa (in prospect of death)
- Chapter I General dispositions
- Chapter II Of the capacity necessary for disposing of and receiving by donation inter vivos or mortis causa
- Chapter III Of the portion disposable, and of its reduction in case of excess
- Chapter IV Of dispositions reprobated by the law in donations inter vivos and mortis causa
- Chapter V Of donations inter vivos (between living)
- Chapter VI Of dispositions mortis causa (in the prospect of death)
- Section I Of testament or codicil
- Section II Of the form of testaments and codicils
- Section III Of testamentary dispositions
- Section IV Of the institution of heir and of disinherison
- Section V Of legacies
- Section VI Of the opening and the proof of wills, and of testamentary executions
- Section VII Of the revocation of testaments and codicils and of their caducity
- Section VIII Of the interpretation of testamentary dispositions
- Chapter VII Of partitions made by parents among their descendants
- Chapter VIII Of donations made by marriage contract to the husband or wife, and to the children to be born of the marriage
- Chapter IX Of donations between married persons, either by marriage contract, or during the marriage
- Title III Of contracts and of conventional obligations in general
- Chapter I Preliminary dispositions
- Chapter II Of the conditions essential to the validity of agreements
- Chapter III Of the effect of obligations
- Section I General dispositions
- Section II Of the obligation of giving
- Section III Of the obligations of doing or of not doing
- Section IV Of the damages resulting from the non execution of the obligation
- Section V Of the interpretation of the agreements
- Section VI Of the effect of agreements with regard to persons not parties to them
- Chapter IV Of the different kinds of obligations
- Chapter V Of the extinction of obligations
- Chapter VI Of the proof of obligations and of that of payment
- Title IV Of engagements formed without agreements, or of quasi contracts and quasi offences
- Title V Of marriage contract
- Title VI Of sale
- Chapter I Of the nature and form of the contract of sale, and of the manner in which it is to be performed
- Chapter II Of persons capable of buying and selling, and of things which may be sold
- Chapter III Of the obligations of the seller
- Chapter IV Of the obligations of the buyer
- Chapter V Of the nullity and rescissions of the sale
- Chapter VI Of sales by cant or auction
- Chapter VII Of the assignment or transfer of debts and other incorporeal rights
- Title VII Of exchange
- Title VIII Of letting and hiring
- Title IX Of partnership
- Title X Of loan
- Title XI Of deposit and sequestration
- Title XII Of aleatory contracts
- Title XIII Of mandate or commission
- Chapter I Of the nature of proxies, mandates and commissions
- Chapter II What persons may be appointed attornies in fact
- Chapter III Of the obligations of a person acting under a power of attorney
- Chapter IV Of the obligations of the principal who acts by his attorney in fact
- Chapter V How the procuration expires
- Title XIV Of suretyship
- Title XV Of transactions
- Title XVI Of respite
- Title XVII Of compromises or arbitration
- Title XVIII Of pledge
- Title XIX Of privileges and mortgages
- Title XX Of occupancy, possession and prescription
- Title XXI Of the title by judgment or seizure
- Index
- Manuscript index
- Manuscript index Part 2
SECTION VII - OF THE REVOCATION OF TESTAMENTS AND CODICILS AND OF THEIR CADUCITY
Art. 182. Testaments and codicils are revocable at the will of the testator, until his decease.
The testator cannot renounce this right of revocation, nor obligate himself to exercise it only under certain words or expressions or restrictions, and if he does so obligate himself, any declaration to that effect shall be considered as not written.
Art. 183. Neither a testament nor a codicil can be revoked in whole or in part, unless by a declaration of a change of will made in one of the forms hereafter prescribed.
Art. 184. In revoking a testamentary disposition, less solemnity is required than in making it.
Thus a testament may be revoked by another testament or by a codicil, or by any other act received by a notary in presence of two witnesses expressing a declaration of a change of will.
In like manner a codicil may be revoked by a new codicil, or by a testament, or by an act passed as above specified.
Act. 185. Posterior testaments and codicils which do not, in an express manner, revoke the prior ones, annul in the latter only such of the dispositions there contained, as are incompatible with the new ones, or contrary to them, or entirely different.
Act. 186. A revocation made in a posterior testament or codicil, has its entire effect, even though this new act remains without execution, either through the incapacity of the person instituted, or of the legatee, or thro' his refusal to accept it.
Art. 187. A donation inter vivos or a sale made by the testator of the whole or part of the thing bequeathed as a legacy, amounts to a revocation of the testamentary disposition, for all that has been sold or given, even though the sale or donation be null, and the thing have returned into the possession of the testator whether by the effects of that nullity, or by any other means.
Art. 188. The testamentary disposition becomes without effect, if the person instituted or the legatee does not survive the testator.
Art. 189. Every testamentary disposition made on a condition depending on an uncertain event, so that in the intention of the testator, the disposition shall take place only in as much as the event shall or shall not happen, is without effect, if the instituted heir or the legatee dies before the accomplishment of the condition.
Art. 190. A condition which in the intention of the testator, does but suspend the execution of the disposition, does not hinder the instituted heir or the legatee from having a right acquired and transmissible to his heirs.
Art. 191. The legacy falls if the thing bequeathed has totally perished during the lifetime of the testator.
It likewise falls if the thing has perished since his death, without the act or fault of the heir, although the latter may have delayed to deliver it, when it must equally have perished in the possession of the legatee.
Art. 192. In case of an alternative legacy of two things, if one of them perishes, the legacy subsists in that which remains.
Art. 193. The testamentary disposition falls when the instituted heir or the legatee rejects it or finds himself incapable of receiving it.
Art. 194. The right of accretion relative to testamentary dispositions, shall no longer subsist, except in the cases marked in the two following articles.
Art. 195. Accretion shall take place for the benefit of the legatees, in case of the legacy's being made to several conjointly.
The legacy shall be reputed to be made conjointly when it is made by one and the same disposition without the testator's having assigned the part of each co-legatee in the thing bequeathed.
Art. 196. It shall also be reputed to be made conjointly, when a thing not susceptible of being divided without deterioration, has been given by the same act, to several persons, even separately.
Art. 197. Except in the cases prescribed in the two preceding articles every portion of the succession remaining vacant, whether because the testator has not formally disposed of it, on the title of institution or of legacy, or because the heir or the legatee has not been able or has not been willing to accept it, shall devolve to the blood or the legitimate heirs.
Art. 198. The same causes which, according to article 66 above, and the two first dispositions of article 67, of the present title, shall authorise an action of revocation of a donation between the living, shall be admitted to ground an action of revocation for testamentary dispositions, observing only with respect to the forced heirs, that they cannot be bound to any charges or conditions imposed by the testator on their legitime or legal portion, or be sued for any act of ingratitude anterior to the decease of the testator who had against them the punishment of disinherison, if he thought proper to inflict it, and who, from his not having disinherited them, is deemed to have forgiven their offence.
Art. 199. If the action be founded on a grievous injury done to the memory of the testator, it must be brought within a year from the day of the offence.
SECTION VIII - OF THE INTERPRETATION OF TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS
Art. 200. If any obscurity be found in the meaning or the terms of the disposition, either as to the person to whom it is made, or as to the thing bequeathed, the judge must endeavor to discover what was the intention of the donor.
Art. 201. In case of doubt as to that intention, the interpretation is made in the sense most favorable to the heir, but the sense in which the disposition will have effect, is to be preferred to that in which it could have none.
SECTION VII - DE LA RÉVOCATION DES TESTAMENS ET DES CODICILES, ET DE LEUR CADUCITÉ
Art. 182. Les testamens et les codiciles sont révocables, à la volonté du testateur, jusqu'à son décès.
Le testateur ne peut renoncer à ce droit de révocation, ni s'obliger à ne l'exercer, que sous certaines paroles ou expressions, ou restrictions; et s'il le fait, une semblable clause sera censée non écrite.
Art. 183. Les testamens et les codiciles ne peuvent être révoqués, en tout ou en partie, que par une déclaration de changement de volonté, faite dans une des formes ci-après prescrites.
Art. 184. Il faut moins de solennité, pour révoquer une disposition testamentaire, que pour la faire.
Ainsi, un testament peut être révoqué par un autre testament, ou par un codicile, ou par tout autre acte reçu par-devant un notaire, en présence de deux témoins, portant déclaration du changement de volonté.
Il en est de même pour le révocation des codiciles, qui peut être faite, ou par un nouveau codicile, ou par un testament, ou par un acte passé, ainsi qu'il est dit ci-dessus.
Art. 185. Les testamens et codiciles postérieurs, qui ne révoquent pas, d'une manière expresse, les précédens, n'annulent, dans ceux-ci, que celles des dispositions y contenues, qui se trouvent incompatibles avec les nouvelles, ou qui sont contraires, ou absolument différentes.
Art. 186. La révocation faite, dans un testament ou codicile postérieur, a tout son effet, quoique ce nouvel acte reste sans exécution, soit par l'incapacité de l'institué ou du légataire, ou par son refus de recueillir.
Art. 187. La donation entre vifs, ou la vente que fait le testateur, de tout ou partie de la chose léguée, emporte la révocation de la disposition testamentaire, pour tout ce qui a été vendu ou donné, encore que la vente ou donation soit nulle, et que l'objet soit rentré dans la main du testateur, soit par l'effet de cette nullité, ou par toute autre voie.
Art. 188. La disposition testamentaire devient caduque, si l'institué où le légataire ne survit pas au testateur.
Art. 189. Toute disposition testamentaire, faite sous une condition dépendante d'un événement incertain et tel, que dans l'intention du testateur, la disposition ne doive avoir lieu qu'autant que l'événement arrivera ou n'arrivera pas, est caduque, si l'héritier institué ou le légataire décède avant l'accomplissement de la condition.
Art. 190. Le condition qui, dans l'intention du testateur, ne fait que suspendre l'exécution de la disposition, n'empêche pas l'héritier institué, ou le légataire, d'avoir un droit acquis et transmissible à ses héritiers.
Art. 191. Le legs est caduque, si la chose léguée a totalement péri pendant la vie du testateur.
Il en est de même, si elle a péri depuis sa mort, sans le fait et la faute de l'héritier, quoique celui-ci ait été mis en retard de la délivrer, lorsque'elle eut également dû périr entre les mains du légataire.
Art. 192. Dans le legs alternatif de deux choses, si l'une d'elles périt, le legs subsiste dans celle qui reste.
Art. 193. La disposition testamentaire est caduque, lorsque l'héritier institué, ou le légataire, la répudie, ou se trouve incapable de la recueillir.
Art. 194. Le droit d'accroissement, relativement aux dispositions testamentaires, ne subsistera plus, que dans les cas marqués aux deux articles suivans.
Art. 195. Il y aura lieu à accroissement, au profit des légataires, dans le cas où le legs sera fait à plusieurs, conjointement.
Le legs sera réputé fait conjointement, lorsqu'il le sera par une seule et même disposition, et que le testateur n'aura pas assigné la part de chacun des co-légataires, dans la chose léguée.
Art. 196. Il sera encore réputé fait conjointement, quand une chose, qui n'est pas susceptible d'être divisée sans détérioration, aura été donnée par le même acte à plusieurs personnes, même séparément.
Art. 197. Hors les cas prescrits aux deux précédens articles, toute portion de la succession, qui demeurera vacante, soit parce que le testateur n'en aura pas formellement disposé à titre d'institution, ou de legs, soit parce que l'héritier ou le légataire n'aura pas pu, ou voulu la recueillir, sera dévolue aux héritiers du sang ou légitimes.
Art. 198. Les mêmes causes qui, suivant l'article 66 ci-dessus, et les deux premières dispositions de l'article 67 du présent titre, autorisent la demande en révocation de la donation entre vifs, pourront être admises pour la demande en révocation des dispositions testamentaires, en observant seulement, quant aux héritiers forcés, qu'ils ne peuvent être astreints à aucunes charges et conditions par le testateur, relativement à leur légitime; et qu'ils ne peuvent être recherchés pour les faits d'ingratitude, antérieurs au décès du testateur qui avait contre eux la peine de l'exhérédation, s'il eut voulu en user, et qui par cela, qu'il n'en a pas usé, est censé leur avoir remis leur faute.
Art. 199. Si cette demande est fondée sur une injure grave, faite à la mémoire du testateur, elle doit être intentée dans l'année, à compter du jour du délit.
SECTION VIII - DE L'INTERPRÉTATION DES DISPOSITIONS TESTAMENTAIRES
Art. 200. S'il y a obscurité dans le sens, ou dans les termes de la disposition, soit par rapport à celui à qui elle est faite, soit par rapport à la chose léguée, le juge doit rechercher qu'elle a été l'intention du testateur.
Art. 201. Dans le doute, sur cette intention, l'interprétation se fait dans le sens le plus favorable à l'héritier, en observant cependant de préférer le sens dans lequel la disposition peut avoir quelque effet, au sens qui ne lui en donnerait aucun.
