Table of Contents
- Cover Page
- Foreword
- Abbreviations
- Synopsis
- Preliminary title Of the general definitions of rights and the promulgation of the laws
- Book I Of persons
- Title I Of the distinction of persons, and the privation of certain civil rights in certain cases
- Title II Of domicil and the manner of changing the same
- Title III Of absent persons
- Chapter I Of the curatorship of absent persons
- Chapter II Of the putting into provisional possession the heirs of the absentee
- Chapter III Of the effects of absence upon the eventual rights which may belong to the absentee
- Chapter IV Of the effects of absence respecting marriage
- Chapter V Of the care of minor children whose father has disappeared
- Title IV Of husband and wife
- Title V Of the separation from bed and board
- Chapter I Of the causes of separation from bed and board
- Chapter II Of the proceedings on separation from bed and board
- Chapter III Of the provisional proceedings to which a suit for separation may give occasion
- Chapter IV Of objections to the action of separation from bed and board
- Chapter V Of the effects of separation from bed and board
- Title VI Of master and servant
- Title VII Of father and child
- Title VIII Of minors, of their tutorship, curatorship and emancipation
- Chapter I Of tutorship
- Section I General dispositions
- Section II Of tutorship by nature
- Section III Of tutorship by will
- Section IV Of the tutorship by the effect of the law
- Section V Of dative tutorship
- Section VI Of the under tutor
- Section VII Of the causes which dispense or excuse from the tutorship
- Section VIII Of incapacity for, exclusion from and deprivation of the tutorship
- Section IX Of the administration of the tutor
- Chapter II Of the curatorship of minors
- Chapter III Of emancipation
- Chapter I Of tutorship
- Title IX Of persons insane, idiots, and other persons incapable of administering their estate
- Title X Of communities or corporations
- Book II Of things and of the different modifications of property
- Title I Of things or estates
- Title II Of absolute ownership
- Title III Of usufruct, use and habitation
- Title IV Of predial services or services of land
- Book III Of the different manners of acquiring the property of things
- Preliminary title General dispositions
- Title I Of successions
- Chapter I Of the different sorts of successions and heirs
- Chapter II Of legal successions
- Chapter III Of irregular successions
- Chapter IV In what manner successions are opened
- Chapter V Of the incapacity and unworthiness of the heirs
- Chapter VI In what manner a succession is accepted and how it is renounced
- Chapter VII Of the administration of vacant estates and estates ab intestato
- Chapter VIII Of partition among heirs and of the collation of goods
- Title II Of donations inter vivos (between living persons) and mortis causa (in prospect of death)
- Chapter I General dispositions
- Chapter II Of the capacity necessary for disposing of and receiving by donation inter vivos or mortis causa
- Chapter III Of the portion disposable, and of its reduction in case of excess
- Chapter IV Of dispositions reprobated by the law in donations inter vivos and mortis causa
- Chapter V Of donations inter vivos (between living)
- Chapter VI Of dispositions mortis causa (in the prospect of death)
- Section I Of testament or codicil
- Section II Of the form of testaments and codicils
- Section III Of testamentary dispositions
- Section IV Of the institution of heir and of disinherison
- Section V Of legacies
- Section VI Of the opening and the proof of wills, and of testamentary executions
- Section VII Of the revocation of testaments and codicils and of their caducity
- Section VIII Of the interpretation of testamentary dispositions
- Chapter VII Of partitions made by parents among their descendants
- Chapter VIII Of donations made by marriage contract to the husband or wife, and to the children to be born of the marriage
- Chapter IX Of donations between married persons, either by marriage contract, or during the marriage
- Title III Of contracts and of conventional obligations in general
- Chapter I Preliminary dispositions
- Chapter II Of the conditions essential to the validity of agreements
- Chapter III Of the effect of obligations
- Section I General dispositions
- Section II Of the obligation of giving
- Section III Of the obligations of doing or of not doing
- Section IV Of the damages resulting from the non execution of the obligation
- Section V Of the interpretation of the agreements
- Section VI Of the effect of agreements with regard to persons not parties to them
- Chapter IV Of the different kinds of obligations
- Chapter V Of the extinction of obligations
- Chapter VI Of the proof of obligations and of that of payment
- Title IV Of engagements formed without agreements, or of quasi contracts and quasi offences
- Title V Of marriage contract
- Title VI Of sale
- Chapter I Of the nature and form of the contract of sale, and of the manner in which it is to be performed
- Chapter II Of persons capable of buying and selling, and of things which may be sold
- Chapter III Of the obligations of the seller
- Chapter IV Of the obligations of the buyer
- Chapter V Of the nullity and rescissions of the sale
- Chapter VI Of sales by cant or auction
- Chapter VII Of the assignment or transfer of debts and other incorporeal rights
- Title VII Of exchange
- Title VIII Of letting and hiring
- Title IX Of partnership
- Title X Of loan
- Title XI Of deposit and sequestration
- Title XII Of aleatory contracts
- Title XIII Of mandate or commission
- Chapter I Of the nature of proxies, mandates and commissions
- Chapter II What persons may be appointed attornies in fact
- Chapter III Of the obligations of a person acting under a power of attorney
- Chapter IV Of the obligations of the principal who acts by his attorney in fact
- Chapter V How the procuration expires
- Title XIV Of suretyship
- Title XV Of transactions
- Title XVI Of respite
- Title XVII Of compromises or arbitration
- Title XVIII Of pledge
- Title XIX Of privileges and mortgages
- Title XX Of occupancy, possession and prescription
- Title XXI Of the title by judgment or seizure
- Index
- Manuscript index
- Manuscript index Part 2
CHAPTER IV - OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF OBLIGATIONS
SECTION I - OF CONDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS
§ 1 - OF THE CONDITION IN GENERAL AND OF ITS DIFFERENT KINDS
Art. 68. The obligation is conditional when the fact depends on a future and uncertain event, whether it be suspended until the event happen, or be declared void in case the event shall or shall not have taken place.
Art. 69. The casual condition is that which depends on chance, and is no way in the power either of the creditor or of the debtor.
Art. 70. The potestative condition is that which makes the execution of the agreement depend on an event which it is in the power of the one or the other of the contracting parties to bring about or to hinder.
Art. 71. The mixt condition is that which depends at once on the will of one of the contracting parties, and on the will of a third person.
Art. 72. Every condition of a thing impossible or contra bonos mores (repugnant to moral conduct) or prohibited by law, is null and renders void the agreement with depends on it.
Art. 73. The condition not to do a thing impossible, does not render void the obligation contracted under that condition.
Art. 74. Every obligation is null, that has been contracted on a potestative condition on the part of him who binds himself.
Art. 75. Every condition must be performed in the manner that it is probable that the parties wished and intended that it should be.
Art. 76. When an obligation has been contracted on condition that au event shall happen within a limitted time, the condition is considered as broken when the time has expired without the event's having taken place. If there be no time fixed, the condition may always be performed, and it is not considered as broken, until it is become certain that the event will not happen.
Art. 77. When an obligation has been contracted on condition that a particular event shall not happen within a certain space of time, that condition is fulfilled when that time is elapsed without the event's having taken place; it is equally fulfilled if before the expiration of the time, it be certain that the event will not take place; and if the time be not fixed, the condition is not complied with, until it be certain that the event will not happen.
Art. 78. The condition is considered as fulfilled, when the fulfillment of it, has been prevented by the party bound to perform it.
Art. 79. The condition being complied with, has a retroactive effect to the day that the engagement was contracted; if the creditor dies before the accomplishment of the condition, his rights devolve on his heirs.
Art. 80. The creditor may before the fulfillment of the condition, perform all acts conservatory of his rights.
§ 2 - OF THE SUSPENSIVE CONDITION
Art. 81. The obligation contracted on a suspensive condition, is that which depends either on a future and uncertain event, or on an event which has actually taken place, without its being yet known to the parties.
In the former case, the obligation cannot be executed till after the event; in the latter, the obligation has its effect from the day on which it was contracted.
Art. 82. When the obligation has been contracted on a suspensive condition, the thing which forms the subject of the agreement, remains at the risk of the debtor, who has bound himself to deliver it, only in case of the event of the condition.
If the thing be entirely destroyed, without the fault of the debtor, the obligation is extinguished.
If the thing be impaired, without the fault of the debtor, it is at the option of the creditor, either to dissolve the obligation or to require the thing in the state in which it is, without diminution of the price.
If the thing be impaired, through the fault of the debtor, the creditor has a right to dissolve the obligation, or to require the thing in the state in which it is, with damages.
§ 3 - OF THE DISSOLVING CONDITION
Art. 83. The dissolving condition is that which, when accomplished, operates the revocation of the obligation, placing matters in the same state as though the obligation had not existed.
It does not suspend the execution of the obligation; it only obliges the creditor to restore what he has received, in case the event provided for in the condition takes place.
Art. 84. The dissolving condition is always understood in synallagmatic contracts, in case of either of the parties not complying with his engagements.
In this case, the contract is not dissolved of right, the party towards whom the engagement has not been executed, has the option either to compel the other party to the execution of the agreement, if it be possible, or to require its dissolution, with damages.
The dissolution must be sued for at law, and the defendant may be allowed delay, according to circumstances.
SECTION II - OF OBLIGATIONS TO BE PERFORMED AT A CERTAIN TERM
Art. 85. The term differs from the condition, in as much as it does not suspend the engagement, but only retards its execution.
Art. 86. What is due only at a certain time, cannot be demanded before the expiration of the intermediate time, but what has been paid in advance, cannot be redemanded.
Art. 87. The term is always presumed to be stipulated in favor of the debtor, unles it result from the stipulation, or from circumstances, that it was also agreed upon in favor of the creditor.
Art. 88. The debtor can no longer claim the benefit of the term, after he has failed, or after he has, by his own act diminished the securities that he had given by the contract, to his creditor.
SECTION III - OF THE ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATIONS
Art. 89. The debtor in an alternative obligation, is discharged by the delivery of one of the two things that were comprised in the obligation.
Art. 90. The option belongs to the debtor, unless it has been expressly granted to the creditor.
Art. 91. The debtor may exhonerate himself, by delivering one of the two things promised, but he cannot force the creditor to receive a part of the one and a part of the other.
Art. 92. The obligation is pure and simple, although contracted in an alternative manner, if one of the two things promised could not be the subject of the obligation.
Art. 93. The alternative obligation becomes pure and simple, if one of the things promised be destroyed, even through the fault of the debtor, and can no longer be delivered. The price of that thing cannot be offered in its stead.
If both the things be destroyed, and the debtor be in fault with regard to one of them, he must pay the price of that one which was destroyed the last.
Art. 94. When in the cases provided for in the preceding article, the option was given by agreement to the creditor; either only one of the things is destroyed, and then if it be without fault of the debtor, the creditor must have that one which remains; if the debtor be in fault, the creditor may demand the thing that remains, or the price of that which is destroyed;
Or both the things are destroyed, and then if the debtor be in fault with regard to both, or even with regard to one of them alone, the creditor has his option to demand either of them.
Art. 95. If both the things be destroyed, without the fault of the debtor, and before he has delayed the delivery, the obligation becomes extinct conformably to article the 202d of this title.
Art. 96. The same principles apply to cases where there are more than two things comprised in the alternative obligation.
CHAPITRE IV - DES DIVERSES ESPÈCES D'OBLIGATIONS
SECTION I - DES OBLIGATIONS CONDITIONNELLES
§ 1 - DE LA CONDITION EN GÉNÉRAL, ET DE SES DIVERSES ESPÈCES
Art. 68. L'obligation est conditionnelle, lorsqu'on la fait dépendre d'un événement future et incertain, soit en la suspendant jusqu'à ce que l'événement arrive, soit en la résiliant, selon que l'événement arrivera ou n'arrivera pas.
Art. 69. La condition casuelle, est celle qui dépend du hasard, et qui n'est nullement au pouvoir du créancier, ni du débiteur.
Art. 70. La condition potestative, est celle qui fait dépendre l'exécution de la convention, d'un événement qu'il est au pouvoir de l'une ou de l'autre des parties contractantes, de faire arriver au d'empêcher.
Art. 71. La condition mixte, est celle qui dépend, tout à la fois, de la volonté d'une des parties contractantes, et de la volonté d'un tiers.
Art. 72. Toute condition d'une chose impossible, ou contraire aux bonnes mæurs, ou prohibée par la loi, est nulle, et rend nulle la convention qui en dépend.
Art. 73. La condition de ne pas faire une chose impossible, ne rend pas nulle l'obligation contractée sous cette condition.
Art. 74. Toute obligation est nulle, lorsqu'elle a été contractée sous une condition potestative de la part de célui qui s'oblige.
Art. 75. Toute condition doit être accomplie, de la manière que les parties ont, vraisemblablement, voulu et entendu qu'elle le fut.
Art. 76. Lorsqu'une obligation est contractée, sous la condition qu'un événement arrivera dans un tems fixe, cette condition est censée défaillie, lorsque le tems est expiré, sans que l'événement soit arrivé; s'il n'y a point de tems fixe, la condition peut toujours être accomplie, et elle n'est censée défaillie, que lorsqu'il est devenu certain, que l'événement n'arrivera pas.
Art. 77. Lorsqu'une obligation est contractée, sous la condition qu'un événement n'arrivera pas dans un tems fixe, cette condition est accomplie, lorsque ce tems est expiré, sans que l'événement soit arrivé; elle l'est également, si avant le terme, il est certain que cette condition n'arrivera pas; et s'il n'y a pas de tems déterminé, elle n'est accomplie que, lorsqu'il est certain que l'événement n'arrivera pas.
Art. 78. La condition est réputée accomplie, lorsque c'est le débiteur obligé sous cette condition, qui en a empêché l'accomplissement.
Art. 79. La condition accomplie a un effet rétroactif au jour auquel l'engagement a été contracté; si le créancier est mort avant l'accomplissement de la condition, ses droits passent à son héritier.
Art. 80. Le créancier peut, avant que la condition soit accomplie, exercer tous les actes conservatoires de son droit.
§ 2 - DE LA CONDITION SUSPENSIVE
Art. 81. L'obligation contractée sous une condition suspensive, est celle qui dépend, ou d'un événement futur et incertain, ou d'un événement actuellement arrivé, mais encore inconnu des parties.
Dans le premier cas, l'obligation ne peut être exécutée qu'après l'événement.
Dans le second cas, l'obligation a son effet du jour où elle a été contractée.
Art. 82. Lorsque l'obligation a été contractée sous une obligation suspensive, la chose qui fait la matière de la convention, demeure aux risques de débiteur qui ne s'est obligé de la livrer, que dans le cas de l'événement de la condition.
Si la chose est entièrement périe, sans la faute du débiteur, l'obligation est éteinte.
Si la chose s'est détériorée, sans la faute du débiteur, le créancier a le choix, ou de résoudre l'obligation, ou d'exiger la chose dans l'état où elle se trouve, sans diminution du prix.
Si la chose s'est détériorée par la faute du débiteur, le créancier a le droit de résoudre l'obligation, ou d'exiger la chose dans l'état où elle se trouve, avec des dommages intérêts.
§ 3 - DE LA CONDITION RÉSOLUTOIRE
Art. 83. La condition résolutoire est celle qui, lorsqu'elle s'accomplit, opère la révocation de l'obligation, et qui remet les choses au même état que si l'obligation n'avait pas existé.
Elle ne suspend point l'exécution de l'obligation; elle oblige seulement le créancier, à restituer ce qu'il a reçu, dans le cas où l'événement prévu pour la condition, arrive.
Art. 84. La condition résolutoire est toujours sous entendue, dans les contrats synallagmatiques, pour le cas où l'une des deux parties ne satisfera point à son engagement.
Dans ce cas, le contrat n'est point résolu de plein droit; la partie envers laquelle l'engagement n'a point été exécuté, a le choix, ou de forcer l'autre
à l'exécution de la convention, lorsqu'elle est possible, ou d'en demander la résolution, avec dommages et intérêts.
La résolution doit être demandée en justice, et il peut être accordé au défendeur un délai, selon les circonstances.
SECTION II - DES OBLIGATIONS À TERME
Art. 85. Le terme diffère de la condition, en ce qu'il ne suspend point l'engagement, dont il retarde seulement l'exécution.
Art. 86. Ce qui n'est dû qu'à terme, ne peut être exigé avant l'échéance du terme; mais ce qui a été payé d'avance, ne put être répété.
Art. 87. Le terme est toujours présumé stipulé en faveur du débiteur, à moins qu'il ne résulte, de la stipulation, ou des circonstances, qu'il a été aussi convenu en faveur du créancier.
Art. 88. Le débiteur ne peut plus réclamer le bénéfice du terme, lorsqu'il a fait faillite, ou lorsque, par son fait, il a diminué les sûretés qu'il avait données, par le contrat, à son créancier.
SECTION III - DES OBLIGATIONS ALTERNATIVES
Art. 89. Le débiteur, d'une obligation alternative, est libéré par la délivrance de l'une des deux choses qui étaient comprises dans l'obligation.
Art. 90. Le choix appartient au débiteur, s'il n'a pas été expressément accordé au créancier.
Art. 91. Le débiteur peut se libérer, en délivrant l'une des deux choses promises, mais il ne peut pas forcer le créancier à recevoir une partie de l'une et une partie de l'autre.
Art. 92. L'obligation est pure et simple, quoique contractée d'une manière alternative, si l'une des deux choses promises ne pouvait être le sujet de l'obligation.
Art. 93. L'obligation alternative devient pure et simple, si l'une des choses promises périt et ne peut plus être livrée, même par la faute du débiteur. Le prix de cette chose ne peut pas être offert à sa place.
Si toutes deux sont péries, et que le débiteur soit en faute à l'égard de l'une d'elles, il doit payer le prix de celle qui a péri la dernière.
Art. 94. Lorsque, dans les cas prévus par l'article précédent, le choix avait été déféré, par la convention, au créancier;
Ou l'une des choses seulement est périe, et alors, si c'est sans la faute du débiteur, le créancier doit avoir celle qui reste; si le débiteur est en faute, le créancier peut demander la chose qui reste, ou le prix de celle qui est périe;
Ou les deux choses sont péries, et alors, si le débiteur est en faute à l'égard des deux, ou même à l'égard de l'une d'elles seulement, le créancier peut demander le prix de l'une, ou de l'autre, à son choix.
Art. 95. Si les deux choses sont péries, sans la faute du débiteur et avant qu'il soit en demeure, l'obligation est éteinte, conformément à l'article 202 du présent titre.
Art. 96. Les mêmes principes s'appliquent au cas, où il y a plus de deux choses comprises dans l'obligation alternative.
