Table of Contents
- Cover Page
- Foreword
- Abbreviations
- Synopsis
- Preliminary title Of the general definitions of rights and the promulgation of the laws
- Book I Of persons
- Title I Of the distinction of persons, and the privation of certain civil rights in certain cases
- Title II Of domicil and the manner of changing the same
- Title III Of absent persons
- Chapter I Of the curatorship of absent persons
- Chapter II Of the putting into provisional possession the heirs of the absentee
- Chapter III Of the effects of absence upon the eventual rights which may belong to the absentee
- Chapter IV Of the effects of absence respecting marriage
- Chapter V Of the care of minor children whose father has disappeared
- Title IV Of husband and wife
- Title V Of the separation from bed and board
- Chapter I Of the causes of separation from bed and board
- Chapter II Of the proceedings on separation from bed and board
- Chapter III Of the provisional proceedings to which a suit for separation may give occasion
- Chapter IV Of objections to the action of separation from bed and board
- Chapter V Of the effects of separation from bed and board
- Title VI Of master and servant
- Title VII Of father and child
- Title VIII Of minors, of their tutorship, curatorship and emancipation
- Chapter I Of tutorship
- Section I General dispositions
- Section II Of tutorship by nature
- Section III Of tutorship by will
- Section IV Of the tutorship by the effect of the law
- Section V Of dative tutorship
- Section VI Of the under tutor
- Section VII Of the causes which dispense or excuse from the tutorship
- Section VIII Of incapacity for, exclusion from and deprivation of the tutorship
- Section IX Of the administration of the tutor
- Chapter II Of the curatorship of minors
- Chapter III Of emancipation
- Chapter I Of tutorship
- Title IX Of persons insane, idiots, and other persons incapable of administering their estate
- Title X Of communities or corporations
- Book II Of things and of the different modifications of property
- Title I Of things or estates
- Title II Of absolute ownership
- Title III Of usufruct, use and habitation
- Title IV Of predial services or services of land
- Book III Of the different manners of acquiring the property of things
- Preliminary title General dispositions
- Title I Of successions
- Chapter I Of the different sorts of successions and heirs
- Chapter II Of legal successions
- Chapter III Of irregular successions
- Chapter IV In what manner successions are opened
- Chapter V Of the incapacity and unworthiness of the heirs
- Chapter VI In what manner a succession is accepted and how it is renounced
- Chapter VII Of the administration of vacant estates and estates ab intestato
- Chapter VIII Of partition among heirs and of the collation of goods
- Title II Of donations inter vivos (between living persons) and mortis causa (in prospect of death)
- Chapter I General dispositions
- Chapter II Of the capacity necessary for disposing of and receiving by donation inter vivos or mortis causa
- Chapter III Of the portion disposable, and of its reduction in case of excess
- Chapter IV Of dispositions reprobated by the law in donations inter vivos and mortis causa
- Chapter V Of donations inter vivos (between living)
- Chapter VI Of dispositions mortis causa (in the prospect of death)
- Section I Of testament or codicil
- Section II Of the form of testaments and codicils
- Section III Of testamentary dispositions
- Section IV Of the institution of heir and of disinherison
- Section V Of legacies
- Section VI Of the opening and the proof of wills, and of testamentary executions
- Section VII Of the revocation of testaments and codicils and of their caducity
- Section VIII Of the interpretation of testamentary dispositions
- Chapter VII Of partitions made by parents among their descendants
- Chapter VIII Of donations made by marriage contract to the husband or wife, and to the children to be born of the marriage
- Chapter IX Of donations between married persons, either by marriage contract, or during the marriage
- Title III Of contracts and of conventional obligations in general
- Chapter I Preliminary dispositions
- Chapter II Of the conditions essential to the validity of agreements
- Chapter III Of the effect of obligations
- Section I General dispositions
- Section II Of the obligation of giving
- Section III Of the obligations of doing or of not doing
- Section IV Of the damages resulting from the non execution of the obligation
- Section V Of the interpretation of the agreements
- Section VI Of the effect of agreements with regard to persons not parties to them
- Chapter IV Of the different kinds of obligations
- Chapter V Of the extinction of obligations
- Chapter VI Of the proof of obligations and of that of payment
- Title IV Of engagements formed without agreements, or of quasi contracts and quasi offences
- Title V Of marriage contract
- Title VI Of sale
- Chapter I Of the nature and form of the contract of sale, and of the manner in which it is to be performed
- Chapter II Of persons capable of buying and selling, and of things which may be sold
- Chapter III Of the obligations of the seller
- Chapter IV Of the obligations of the buyer
- Chapter V Of the nullity and rescissions of the sale
- Chapter VI Of sales by cant or auction
- Chapter VII Of the assignment or transfer of debts and other incorporeal rights
- Title VII Of exchange
- Title VIII Of letting and hiring
- Title IX Of partnership
- Title X Of loan
- Title XI Of deposit and sequestration
- Title XII Of aleatory contracts
- Title XIII Of mandate or commission
- Chapter I Of the nature of proxies, mandates and commissions
- Chapter II What persons may be appointed attornies in fact
- Chapter III Of the obligations of a person acting under a power of attorney
- Chapter IV Of the obligations of the principal who acts by his attorney in fact
- Chapter V How the procuration expires
- Title XIV Of suretyship
- Title XV Of transactions
- Title XVI Of respite
- Title XVII Of compromises or arbitration
- Title XVIII Of pledge
- Title XIX Of privileges and mortgages
- Title XX Of occupancy, possession and prescription
- Title XXI Of the title by judgment or seizure
- Index
- Manuscript index
- Manuscript index Part 2
TITLE X – OF LOAN
Art. 1. There are two kinds of loans:
The loan of things which may be used without being destroyed;
And the loan of things which are destroyed by being used.
The first kind is called loan for use or commodatum.
The second kind is called loan for consumption or mutuum.
Art. 2. The second kind is still subdivided into a gratuitous loan and loan on interest.
CHAPTER I – OF THE LOAN FOR USE OR COMMODATUM
SECTION I – OF THE NATURE OF THE LOAN FOR USE
Art. 3. The loan for use in an agreement by which a person delivers a thing to another, to use it, as he pleases, under the obligation by him to return it, after he shall have done using it.
Art. 4. This loan is essentially gratuitous; otherwise it would be letting or hiring.
Art. 5. The lender remains proprietor of the thing lent.
Art. 6. Every thing which is in commerce and which is not consumed by the use, may be the object of this agreement.
Art. 7. The obligations entered into by the loan for use, are binding upon the heirs of the lender and of the borrower.
SECTION II – OF THE ENGAGEMENTS OF THE BORROWER FOR USE
Art. 8. The borrower is bound to keep and preserve in the best possible order, the thing lent.
Art. 9. If the borrower employs the thing to another use, or for a longer time than has been agreed on, he shall be liable for the loss which may happen, although the same might have happened by chance.
Art. 10. If the thing lent be destroyed by a chance which might have been prevented by the borrower, in making use of his own, or if unable to preserve both, he has preferred preserving his own, he is answerable for the loss of the other.
Art. 11. If the thing has been valued at the time of lending it, the loss which results even by chance, is on account of the borrower, unless there has been a contrary agreement.
Art. 12. If the thing be made worse by the effects of the use alone for which it was borrowed, and without any fault on the part of the borrower, he is not answerable for the same.
Art. 13. The borrower is not at liberty to keep the thing as a compensation for what the lender owes him.
Art. 14. If, in order to use the thing, the borrower be compelled to go to some expense, he has no right to be reimbursed by the lender.
SECTION III – OF THE ENGAGEMENTS OF THE LENDER FOR USE
Art. 15. The lender cannot take back this thing lent, but after the time agreed on; or if no agreement has been entered into in that respect, after it has been employed to the use for which it was borrowed.
Art. 16. Nevertheless if, during the interval, or before the borrower has done with the thing, the lender be in an urgent and unforeseen need of his thing, the judge may according to circumstances, compel the borrower to return it to him.
Art. 17. If during the loan, the borrower was obliged, for the preservation of the thing, to go to some extraordinary expence necessary, and so urgent, that he could not give notice of the same to the lender, the lender shall be bound to reimburse him for the same.
CHAPTER II – OF THE LOAN FOR CONSUMPTION OR MUTUUM
SECTION I – OF THE NATURE OF THE LOAN FOR CONSUMPTION
Art. 18. The loan for consumption is an agreement by which one person delivers to another a certain quantity of things which are consumed by the use, under the obligation by the borrower to return to him as much of the same kind and quality.
Art. 19. By the effect of this loan, the borrower becomes the owner of the thing lent; and if it be destroyed, in whatever manner the same may have happened, the loss is on his account.
Art. 20. Any thing which is such that it may be returned of the same kind and quality, may be given as a loan for consumption, but things which although of the same kind, still may differ from each other in quality, as beasts and the like, cannot be lent after this manner.
Art. 21. The obligation which results from a loan of money, can never be more than the numerical sum mentioned in the contract.
If there has been augmentation or diminution in the value of the species before the time of the payment, the debtor is bound to return nothing more than the numerical sum which was lent to him, in such species as has currency at the time of the payment.
Art. 22. The rule in the preceding article does not take place if the loan has been made in bullion.
Art. 23. If provisions have been lent, whatever be the increase or diminution of their price, the debtor is still bound to return the same quantity and quality and he is bound to return no more.
SECTION II – OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE LENDER FOR CONSUMPTION
Art. 24. The lender is answerable for the defects of the things which he lends, when they are not fit for the use to which they were intended, as if the money be counterfeited or the corn spoiled.
Art. 25. The lender cannot claim the thing lent before the time agreed on.
If no term has been agreed on for the restitution, the judge may grant a delay according to the circumstances.
Art. 26. No delay shall be granted if the loan has been stipulated as exigible at will.
Art. 27. If it was agreed only that the borrower should pay when he could or when he should have the means so to do, he ought to be sentenced to pay as soon as he appears to be able so to do.
SECTION III – OF THE ENGAGEMENTS OF THE BORROWER FOR CONSUMPTION
Art. 28. The first engagement of the borrower is to return the things lent in the same quantity and quality and at the time appointed.
Art. 29. If it be impossible for him to fulfil his engagement, he is bound to pay the value of the things lent, taking into consideration the time and place when they ought to have been returned according to the agreement.
If said time and place have not been regulated, the payment is made according to the rate of the time and place where the demand is made.
Art. 30. If the borrower does not return the things lent or their value at the time appointed, he shall be bound to pay interest from the time that a judicial demand of it has been made.
TITRE X - DU PRÊT
Art. 1. Il y a deux sortes de prêt:
Celui des choses dont on peut user sans les détruire;
Et celui des choses qui se consomment par l'usage qu'on en fait.
La première, s'appelle prêt à usage, ou commodat;
La deuxième, s'appelle prêt de consomption.
Art. 2. Cette seconde espèce se subdivise encore, en prêt gratuit, et prêt à intérêt.
CHAPITRE I - DU PRÊT À USAGE OU COMMODAT
SECTION I - DE LA NATURE DU PRÊT À USAGE
Art. 3. Le prêt à usage, est une convention par laquelle, l'un livre une chose à l'autre, pour s'en servir dans ses besoins, à la charge, par celui-ci, de la rendre après qu'il s'en sera servi.
Art. 4. Ce prêt est essentiellement gratuit, autrement ce serait un louage.
Art. 5. Le prêteur demeure propriétaire de la chose prêtée.
Art. 6. Tout ce qui est dans le commerce, et qui ne se consomme pas par l'usage, peut être l'objet de cette convention.
Art. 7. Les engagemens qui se forment, par le commodat, passent aux héritiers de celui qui prête, et aux héritiers de celui qui emprunte.
SECTION II - DES ENGAGEMENS DE L'EMPRUNTEUR À USAGE
Art. 8. L'emprunteur est tenu de veiller, en bon père de famille, à la garde et à la conservation de la chose prêtée.
Art. 9. Si l'emprunteur emploie la chose à un autre usage, ou pour un tems plus long qu'il ne le devait, il sera tenu de la perte arrivée, même par cas fortuit.
Art. 10. Si la chose prêtée périt, par un cas fortuit dont l'emprunteur aurait pu la garantir, en y employant la sienne propre, ou, si ne pouvant conserver que l'une des deux, il a préféré la sienne, il est tenu de la perte de l'autre.
Art. 11. Si la chose a été estimée, en la prêtant, la perte qui arrive, même par cas fortuit, est pour l'emprunteur, à moins de conventions contraires.
Art. 12. Si la chose se détériore, par le seul effet de l'usage pour lequel elle a été empruntée, et sans aucune faute de la part de l'emprunteur, il n'en est pas tenu.
Art. 13. L'emprunteur ne peut pas retenir la chose, par compensation de ce que le prêteur lui doit.
Art. 14. Si, pour user de la chose, l'emprunteur est tenu à quelque dépense, il ne peut pas la répéter.
SECTION III - DES ENGAGEMENS DU PRÊTEUR À USAGE
Art. 15. Le prêteur ne peut retirer sa chose, qu'après le terme convenu, ou, à défaut de convention, qu'après qu'elle a servi à l'usage pour laquelle elle a été empruntée.
Art. 16. Néanmoins, si, pendant ce délai, ou avant que le besoin de l'emprunteur ait cessé, il survient au prêteur un besoin pressant et imprévu de la chose, le juge peut, suivant les circonstances, obliger l'emprunteur à la lui rendre.
Art. 17. Si, pendant la durée du prêt, l'emprunteur a été obligé, pour la conservation de la chose, à quelque dépense extraordinaire, nécessaire, et tellement urgente, qu'il n'ait pas pu en prévenir le prêteur, celui-ci sera tenu de la lui rembourser.
CHAPITRE II - DU PRÊT DE CONSOMMATION
SECTION I - DE LA NATURE DU PRÊT DE CONSOMMATION
Art. 18. Le prêt simple, est une convention par laquelle, l'un livre à l'autre une certaine quantité de choses qui se consomment par l'usage, à la charge, par ce dernier, de lui en rendre autant, de même espèce et qualité.
Art. 19. Par l'effet de ce prêt, l'emprunteur devient le propriétaire de la chose prêtée, et c'est pour lui qu'elle périt, de quelque manière que cette perte arrive.
Art. 20. On peut donner à titre de prêt de consommation, tout ce qui est tel, qu'on peut en rendre de même espèce et qualité; mais on ne peut pas donner, à ce titre, des choses qui, quoique de même espèce, différent dans l'individu, comme des animaux.
Art. 21. L'obligation qui résulte d'un prêt en argent, n'est toujours que de la somme numérique énoncée au contrat.
S'il y a eu augmentation ou diminution d'espèces, avant l'époque du payement, le débiteur doit rendre la somme numérique prêtée, et ne doit rendre que cette somme, dans les espèces ayant cours au moment du payement.
Art. 22. La règle portée en l'article précédent, n'a pas lieu, si le prêt a été fait en lingots ou en marcs.
Art. 23. Si ce sont des denrées qui ont été prêtées, quelque soit l'augmentation ou diminution de leur prix, le débiteur doit toujours rendre la même quantité et qualité, et ne doit rendre que cela.
SECTION II - DES OBLIGATIONS DU PRÊTEUR POUR CONSOMMATION
Art. 24. Le prêteur est tenu des défauts des choses qu'il prête, lorsqu'elles ne sont pas propres à l'usage auxquelles elles sont destinées; comme si l'argent est faux, ou les grains corrompus.
Art. 25. Le prêteur ne peut pas demander les choses prêtées avant le tems convenu.
S'il n'a pas été fixé de terme pour la restitution, le juge peut accorder un délai, suivant les circonstances.
Art. 26. Il n'en peut être accordé aucun, si le prêt a été stipulé, restituable à volonté.
Art. 27. S'il a été seulement convenu, que l'emprunteur payerait quand il le pourrait, ou quand il en aurait le moyen, il doit être condamné à payer, dès qu'il paraît qu'il est en état de le faire.
SECTION III - DES ENGAGEMENS DE L'EMPRUNTEUR POUR CONSOMMATION
Art. 28. Le premier engagement de l'emprunteur, est de rendre la chose prêtée, en même quantité et qualité, et au terme convenu.
Art. 29. S'il est dans l'impossibilité d'y satisfaire, il est tenu d'en payer la valeur, eu égard au tems et au lieu où la chose devait être rendue, par la convention.
Si ce tems et ce lieu n'ont pas été réglés, le payement se fait au prix du tems et du lieu où la demande est faite.
Art. 30. Si l'emprunteur ne rend pas les choses prêtées, ou la valeur, au terme convenu, il en doit l'intérêt du jour de la demande en justice.
